Efflorescence - Causes, Removal, and Prevention
...be taken to preclude the passage of this sulfate-bearing water to the structure. Low absorption is the best assurance against efflorescence. Properly graded aggregates, low water-cement ratio, good compaction and proper curing practices will produce concrete of maximum density and low water absorption. Sand and gravel, in their natural state, ... See #5
Mix Water Conditioner FAQs
...volume and mixing time very important, especially since the easy shear actions also increase concrete's cementitious material to water ratio, resulting in a concrete with low water-cement ratio quality, or even better.) Are there any special mixing procedures? No. The only things to remember are (1) add Mix Water Conditioner to the mix water, ... See #6
Davis Colors™: Architect's Guide
Maintain 5" (13 cm) maximum slump unless otherwise specified. If higher slump is required, use water-reducing or plasticizing admixtures instead of added water. A low water water-cement ratio minimizes shrinkage and cracking, maximizes hardness and promotes a richer, darker concrete color. Adding water causes concrete to pale or "wash out". See #7
Drying Shrinkage
...expert Carl Bimel examines the objective causes of concrete drying shrinkage, stating that a more careful look at best practices regarding aggregate, portland cement, water-cement ratio, freeze thaw impact and shrinkage restraint be considered in addressing the problem. See #8
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